El Aaiún: The Capital of Western Sahara
El Aaiún (also known as Laâyoune) is the capital of Western Sahara. Known for its strategic location and unique political status, El Aaiún serves as the political and economic center of Western Sahara.
Geographic Location and Climate
El Aaiún is situated in the northern part of Western Sahara, near the Atlantic coast. The city has a hot desert climate with very little annual rainfall and high temperatures throughout the year.
Population and Area
El Aaiún is a growing city with a diverse population. The population includes people from various ethnic groups and regions, contributing to its dynamic and multicultural atmosphere.
Administration and Political Structure
El Aaiún is the administrative center of Western Sahara. It is the de facto capital administered by Morocco, which considers Western Sahara as part of its territory. The city is governed by the El Aaiún City Council and an appointed Governor.
Culture and Religion
The population of El Aaiún is culturally rich, with a mix of various ethnic groups and religions. The major religion is Islam, with the vast majority of the population being Sunni Muslims. The city is home to several mosques, cultural institutions, and annual festivals that celebrate Sahrawi heritage.
Economy and Infrastructure
El Aaiún’s economy is driven by phosphate mining, fishing, commerce, and government services. The city has a developing infrastructure, including modern amenities, public transportation, and the Hassan I Airport.
History
El Aaiún was established by Spanish colonists in 1938 and served as the capital of Spanish Sahara until the mid-1970s. After Spain’s withdrawal, the city has been under Moroccan administration. Historical landmarks include the Plaza de la Marcha Verde and the Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi.
Table: Key Information about El Aaiún
| Feature | Information |
|---|---|
| Population | Approx. 217,732 (estimate 2023) |
| Area | 211 km² |
| Coordinates | 27.1622° N, 13.2030° W |
| Altitude | 7 m |
| Governor | Yahdih Bouchaab |
| Inhabitants | Approx. 217,732 (estimate 2023) |
| Province | El Aaiún |
| Religion | Islam (Sunni) |
| Language | Arabic, Spanish |
| History | Founded in 1938 |
| Currency | Moroccan dirham (MAD) |
Summary
El Aaiún is a city with a unique cultural and historical heritage. As the heart of Western Sahara, it symbolizes the region’s resilience and cultural vibrancy. For more information about El Aaiún and other capital cities, visit capital-cities.org.